Anti-pyretics are a class of medications used to reduce fever. Pyretics refers to fever, which is an abnormally high body temperature above the normal range of 98-100°F (36.5-37.5°C). Fever is a common symptom that occurs in response to infections, inflammation, and some other medical conditions. When the body detects an infection or injury, it raises the internal thermostat, causing a fever. While mild fevers can actually be beneficial in fighting off infections, high fevers above 102°F (38.9°C) can be dangerous and lead to complications. This is where anti-pyretic drugs come into play. Common anti-pyretic medications include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and aspirin. These drugs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that cause inflammation and fever. By reducing prostaglandin synthesis, anti- pyretics help lower the body's temperature back into the normal range. They can also help alleviate other symptoms that often accompa...
PHARMACOKINETICS Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs move through the body, encompassing four key processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Understanding these processes is crucial for optimizing drug administration and therapeutic effectiveness. Key Processes in Pharmacokinetics Absorption : This is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration. Factors influencing absorption include: Route of administration (oral, intravenous, etc.) Drug formulation and chemical properties Presence of food or other substances in the gastrointestinal tract Distribution : After absorption, the drug is distributed throughout the body. This phase is affected by: Blood flow to various tissues Lipophilicity (fat solubility) of the drug Molecular size and weight Binding to plasma proteins, which can affect the amount of free drug available for action Metabolism : This refers to the biochemical modification of the drug, prim...